Middle+Ages




 * Powerpoint 1**

1. -disease (black plague) -invaders from Europe and Asia

2.-nobody is above the law -laws were written down and must be respected

3. for the safety and defence of the people, they formed small communities around a central lord or master.

4. let serfs work the land and he would protect them

5. 1066

6.a series of battles between Christians and Muslims in the Middle East

7. Classical Era (500 BC - 600 AD)

8. 1215

9. led by popes, priests and nuns converted, gave care to people. Monks were spiritual leaders. They lived in monasteries. Organizations with respect and power. Popes were more powerful than kings.


 * Powerpoint 2**

//Dark Ages// - scholars named it as a time when the forces of darkness (barbarians) overwhelmed the forces of light (Romans). //barbarian - an uncivilized person/foreigner. Savage// //heresy - holding beliefs that contradict the official law// //monks// - gave up worldly possessions and devoted themselves to a religious life //Justinian Code// - Body of Civil Law that defined civil law in the middle ages and the modern world //Salic Law// - assigned a specific financial value to everyone and everything //Primogeniture// - system where eldest son inherited everything //Fief// - land given by a lord in return for a vassels's military service and loyalty //tithe// - tax that serfs paid //serf -// peasants who worked the lord's land //corvee// - condition of unpaid labour by serfs

--- //St. Augustine// - wrote "Confessions" which discussed ideas of ethics, self knowledge, and the role of free will. //Justinian the Great// - Byzantine Emperor, goal to reunite the Roman world as a Christian Empire and suppress all paganism //Clovis I -// united Frankish tribes and expanded territory //Charlemagne -// greatest legacy, Charles the Great, military general who restored Pope Leo III who was on exile //William the Conquerer -// crowned King of England and ordered the Doomsday Book

--- 1. rise in influence of barbarians as emperors gave barbarian mercenaries land in return for military services and it was these barbarians that became rulers

2. the church was granted favours by kings and in return the church would endorse the king to secure their rule.

3. communities called monasteries which became centres of education, literacy, and learning

4. the notion of mutual obligation

5. called 'black death' because skin turned black, spread by fleas and rats, damage to skin and underlying tissue. Caused massive depopulation and change in social structure, weakened influence of Church, originated in Asia but was blamed on Jews and lepers.

6. printing press - spread ideas, increased literacy.

1. social, political, and economic system.
 * Powerpoint 3**

2. the economic portion of feudalism was centered around the lord's estates or manor and called manoralism

3. religion was a central part of life for medieval people from baptism to marriage -had economic and political power

4. the pope wanted to increase his power, nobles wanted to gain wealth, serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression. Results: cultural diffusion and an increase in trades

5. an economy based on money, not barter, emerged.

6. means 'rebirth' -golden age in arts, literature, and sciences. Instead of medieval preoccupation of life after death, Humanism focused on life in the present. urban centers - cities - breeding ground for intellectual revolution wealthy merchant class - had money to pursue other interests

7. Church - spent $ beautifying Rome wealthy families supported artists "universal man" women inspire but not create art

8. -columns, arches, domes. -Shakespeare's works

9. books became more available, literacy increased, ideas spread rapidly. Gutenberg printed the Bible in 1456. Papermaking had reached Europe and China.

10. the Renaissance-humanism let people to question the Church as increasing faith was put in human reason. Strong Monarchs- weakened church meant monarchs could increased their power. Problems within the church - corruption among church leaders: higher fees for marriage, baptism, and the pardon of sins.

11. Martin Luther (German monk) promoted idea that faith in God alone, not the Pope, granted pardon of sins. Called Luterans and eventually Protestants because they protest Papal authority.

12. a reform movement also took place in the Catholic Church. The purpose was to strengthen the Cath. Church and keep Catholics from converting to Protestantism. Jesuit missionaries helped spread Catholicism around the world.